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Multitasking

Multitasking 

¿Puede nuestro cerebro hacer varias cosas a la vez? ¿Será verdad? 

El cerebro recibe miles de estímulos al día y necesita ser capaz de discernir lo que es importante y lo que no, focalizarnos en una tarea y dejar pasar otras que hasta cierto punto no son tan importantes. Pues es cierto que es imposible que estemos atentos a todo, todo el tiempo. 

¿Se pueden realizar dos o tres tareas al mismo tiempo con la máxima eficiencia posible?

Nuestro cerebro, para optimizar su rendimiento, no es capaz de ser multitarea. Según un informe realizado por el Consejo Nacional de Seguridad de Estados Unidos.

El cerebro, para ser capaz de hacer dos tareas, debe secuenciar y priorizar su realización. Es decir, primero se considerará una actividad, y luego hará la otra. Si queremos tratar de llevar a cabo dos ejercicios a la vez, la mente ordenará su realización concentrando distintos grados de atención en fases separadas y diferentes.

Entre esas etapas, el cerebro necesita un tiempo de reacción específico para poder cambiar de una tarea a otra. Este espacio temporal puede no ser fundamental si estamos leyendo informes y miramos el correo electrónico a la vez, sin embargo, es crucial cuando estamos conduciendo. Un pequeño despiste de apenas unos segundos, puede costarnos la vida. Este despiste es más conocido como interferencia, ha sido estudiado por múltiples investigaciones neurocognitivas.

Un estudio realizado en la Universidad Carnegie Mellon de Estados Unidos demostró que si se podían optimizar las decisiones entre dos tareas para así reducir el tiempo de interferencia y adaptarnos mejor a esa utopía llamada multitasking. Mostró también que la mayoría de participantes eran sensibles a los efectos de la interferencia. Pero con un entrenamiento adecuado también ayudó a que fueran capaces de secuenciar las tareas, en lugar de realizarla simultáneamente, para así optimizar su eficiencia.

Ahora sabemos que la multitarea no es la ejecución paralela de varias acciones, es más bien procesar más de una tarea simultáneamente. En este caso una tarea se procesa directamente y la otra está esperando en línea. Cambiar el procesador central de una tarea ah otra se llama a cambio de contexto y la ilusión de hacer cosas en paralelo ocurre con el cambio frecuente.




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